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Asia · 1900–1950

KS
Primary revolution

Kartar Singh Jhabbar

Akali Gurdwara Reform Movement

A leading organizer of volunteer jathas that pressed for Sikh management of gurdwaras, including at Nankana Sahib.

Life
1874–1962
Place
Nankana Sahib, Punjab, India
Years
1920–1925
Map
31.4492, 73.7125

Biography

Kartar Singh Jhabbar, commonly dated 1874–1962, was one of the best-known organizers of the Gurdwara Reform Movement. He led jathas that sought to place shrines under community management and is closely associated with Panja Sahib and with Nankana Sahib. After the massacre of 20 February 1921, accounts of the transfer of Gurdwara Janam Asthan give him a central place. The mainstream Akali campaign used marches, congregations, and negotiation. It is distinct from the Babbar Akali armed split. The pin is Nankana Sahib.

Revolution

Theme. Jatha organizer · Shrine management

Key figures. Baba Kharak Singh, Master Tara Singh

Outcome. The Sikh Gurdwaras Act of 1925 created a legal frame for elected Sikh management of listed shrines.

Casualties. He survived the reform years. The Nankana Sahib massacre killed many volunteers, including Lachhman Singh Dharowali.

Influence. The organizer’s name most often tied to the Nankana and Panja Sahib jathas.