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Revolutionaries

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86 profiles

Primary

Abid Hasan Safrani

Indian National Army

Hyderabad, India · 1900–1950

INA officer often linked with the greeting “Jai Hind.” He later served in independent India’s diplomatic service.

Secondary

Amílcar Cabral

Guinea-Bissau War of Independence

Bissau, Guinea-Bissau · 1951–1990

Strategist of the war that ended Portuguese rule in Guinea-Bissau and Cape Verde.

Primary

Avtar Singh Brahma

Khalistan Liberation Force

Jalandhar, India · 1951–1990

Named as a founder and early leader of the Khalistan Liberation Force. Birth and death dates in the supplied file are not exact.

Primary

Baba Kharak Singh

Akali Gurdwara Reform Movement

Amritsar, India · 1900–1950

SGPC leader. In January 1922 the Golden Temple treasury keys were returned to him at the Akal Takht.

Primary

Baba Santa Singh

Babbar Akali Movement

Lahore, India · 1900–1950

Named as treasurer in a government summary, and one of six men hanged in Lahore in February 1926.

Primary

Bhagat Singh

Indian Independence Movement

Lahore, India · 1900–1950

Revolutionary socialist hanged by the colonial government in Lahore in 1931.

Secondary

Chipko Movement

Uttarakhand, India · 1951–1990

Villagers hugged trees to stop commercial logging in the Uttarakhand hills.

Primary

Dalip Singh Dhamian

Babbar Akali Movement

Lahore, India · 1900–1950

One of six Babbar Akali leaders hanged in Lahore on 27 February 1926.

Primary

Dalip Singh Gosal

Babbar Akali Movement

Jalandhar, India · 1900–1950

Named as secretary after the radical groups combined as the Babbar Akali Jatha in 1922.

Primary

Dharam Singh Hayatpur

Babbar Akali Movement

Lahore, India · 1900–1950

Listed among the six men hanged in Lahore in February 1926 after the Babbar Akali trial.

Primary

Emiliano Zapata

Mexican Revolution

Cuautla, Mexico · 1900–1950

Leader of the southern peasant army whose demand was the return of village land.

Primary

Ernesto Che Guevara

Cuban Revolution and Bolivian Guerrilla

Vallegrande, Bolivia · 1951–1990

Argentine doctor who became a commander of the Cuban Revolution and was killed in Bolivia in 1967.

Primary

Fidel Castro

Cuban Revolution

Havana, Cuba · 1951–1990

Led the guerrilla war that overthrew Fulgencio Batista and then ruled Cuba for nearly five decades.

Primary

Gamal Abdel Nasser

Egyptian Revolution of 1952

Cairo, Egypt · 1951–1990

Colonel who overthrew the Egyptian monarchy and became the leading voice of Arab nationalism.

Primary

General Shabeg Singh

Khalistan movement

Amritsar, India · 1951–1990

Former Indian Army officer and 1971 war veteran who, after dismissal, was associated with Bhindranwale. He died during Operation Blue Star.

Primary

George Washington

American Revolution

Yorktown, United States · 1770–1800

Commander of the Continental Army and first president of the United States after the break with Britain.

Primary

Ghadar Movement

Punjab, India · 1900–1950

An expatriate Indian movement, founded abroad, that tried to overthrow British rule through revolt.

Secondary

Giuseppe Garibaldi

Italian Unification

Naples, Italy · 1801–1899

Volunteer general whose 1860 expedition toppled the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies.

Primary

Gurbachan Singh Manochahal

Bhindranwale Tiger Force of Khalistan

Tarn Taran, India · 1951–1990

Named as founder of the Bhindranwale Tiger Force of Khalistan. Reported killed in 1993. Leadership claims should stay separate from police or group statements.

Primary

Gurbaksh Singh Dhillon

Indian National Army

Delhi, India · 1900–1950

The third INA officer in the 1945 Red Fort trial. Birth association is Punjab. The pin is Delhi, beside the Red Fort.

Primary

Gurjant Singh Budhsinghwala

Khalistan Liberation Force

Bathinda, India · 1951–1990

Described as a prominent Khalistan Liberation Force leader. Reported killed in 1992. Exact place is not in the supplied file.

Primary

Harjinder Singh Jinda

Khalistan Commando Force

Pune, India · 1951–1990

KCF member convicted for the 1986 assassination of General Arun S. Vaidya in Pune. Executed by hanging on 9 October 1992, according to common reports.

Primary

Hazara Singh Aladinpur

Akali Gurdwara Reform Movement

Tarn Taran, India · 1900–1950

Fatally injured in the January 1921 confrontation at Tarn Taran, among the first deaths of the reform movement.

Primary

Ho Chi Minh

Vietnamese Revolution

Hanoi, Vietnam · 1900–1950

Founder of the Viet Minh, who declared Vietnam independent in 1945 and led the war against France.

Primary

Hukam Singh Wasau Kot

Akali Gurdwara Reform Movement

Tarn Taran, India · 1900–1950

Injured at Tarn Taran in January 1921 and died on 4 February 1921, according to historical summaries.

Secondary

Indian Farmers Protest

Delhi, India · 1991–2026

A year-long protest by farm unions that ended with the repeal of three farm laws.

Primary

Jagtar Singh Hawara

Khalistan Commando Force

Chandigarh, India · 1991–2026

Convicted for his role in the 31 August 1995 assassination of Punjab chief minister Beant Singh in Chandigarh. This is a legal record, not a death entry.

Primary

Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale

Khalistan movement

Amritsar, India · 1951–1990

Head of Damdami Taksal and a central, contested figure in Punjab’s early-1980s conflict. He died during Operation Blue Star at the Golden Temple complex.

Primary

Jawaharlal Nehru

Indian Independence Movement

Prayagraj, India · 1900–1950

Congress leader who moved the 1929 Purna Swaraj resolution and became independent India’s first prime minister.

Primary

Karam Singh Daulatpur

Babbar Akali Movement

Hoshiarpur, India · 1900–1950

Organizer in the Hoshiarpur area. One government summary calls him editor of Babbar Akali Doaba.

Primary

Karam Singh Jhingar

Babbar Akali Movement

Jalandhar, India · 1900–1950

Named among organizers of the Chakravarti Jatha and the Babbar Akali Jatha. Not the same man as Karam Singh Manko.

Primary

Karam Singh Manko

Babbar Akali Movement

Lahore, India · 1900–1950

Hanged in Lahore in February 1926. A different person from Karam Singh Daulatpur and Karam Singh Jhingar.

Primary

Kartar Singh Jhabbar

Akali Gurdwara Reform Movement

Nankana Sahib, India · 1900–1950

A leading organizer of volunteer jathas that pressed for Sikh management of gurdwaras, including at Nankana Sahib.

Primary

Kishan Singh Gargajj

Babbar Akali Movement

Jalandhar, India · 1900–1950

Leading organizer of the Babbar Akali Jatha. Hanged in Lahore in February 1926.

Primary

Kwame Nkrumah

Ghanaian Independence

Accra, Ghana · 1900–1950

Led the Gold Coast to independence in 1957, the first sub-Saharan colony to leave British rule.

Primary

Labh Singh

Khalistan Commando Force

Moga, India · 1951–1990

Described as a KCF commander. Reported killed in 1988. The name needs care because spellings and identities can be confused.

Primary

Lachhman Singh Dharowali

Akali Gurdwara Reform Movement

Nankana Sahib, India · 1900–1950

Led the jatha that entered Gurdwara Janam Asthan on 20 February 1921 and was killed in the massacre there.

Primary

Lakshmi Sahgal

Indian National Army

Chennai, India · 1900–1950

Physician who commanded the INA’s Rani of Jhansi Regiment, a women’s unit formed in 1943.

Secondary

Lech Wałęsa

Solidarity

Gdańsk, Poland · 1951–1990

Shipyard electrician who led the union that cracked communist rule in Poland.

Secondary

Louise Michel

Paris Commune

Paris, France · 1801–1899

Teacher who became the best-known voice of the 1871 Paris Commune.

Primary

Mahatma Gandhi

Indian Independence Movement

Porbandar, India · 1900–1950

Leader of Non-Cooperation, Civil Disobedience, and Quit India. His method was mass non-violent resistance, not the INA’s military campaign.

Primary

Manbir Singh Chaheru

Khalistan Commando Force

Faridkot, India · 1951–1990

Named as founder of the Khalistan Commando Force. Reported arrested in 1986 and killed in 1987. Circumstances differ across accounts.

Primary

Mao Zedong

Chinese Communist Revolution

Beijing, China · 1900–1950

Leader of the communist victory in the Chinese civil war and founder of the People’s Republic.

Primary

Master Mota Singh

Babbar Akali Movement

Hoshiarpur, India · 1900–1950

Named among the early Babbar Akali organizers at Hoshiarpur in March 1921. Later fate is not fixed in the file.

Primary

Master Tara Singh

Akali Gurdwara Reform Movement

Amritsar, India · 1900–1950

Akali leader in the reform years. His later political career ran long after 1925 and is a separate story.

Primary

Maximilien Robespierre

French Revolution

Paris, France · 1770–1800

Jacobin leader during the most radical years of the French Revolution and the First Republic.

Primary

Mehtab Singh

Akali Gurdwara Reform Movement

Amritsar, India · 1900–1950

SGPC figure arrested during the government’s response to the Keys Affair protests.

Primary

Mohan Singh

Indian National Army

Singapore, Singapore · 1900–1950

British Indian Army officer, captured in Malaya, who formed the first Indian National Army in 1942.

Primary

Mohan Singh Vaid

Akali Gurdwara Reform Movement

Tarn Taran, India · 1900–1950

Helped mediate between reformist Akalis and clerics at Tarn Taran before the January 1921 attack.

Primary

Moplah Rebellion

Kerala, India · 1900–1950

An armed uprising by Mappila Muslims in Malabar against British rule and local landlords.

Primary

Mustafa Kemal Atatürk

Turkish War of Independence

Ankara, Turkey · 1900–1950

Ottoman general who led the Anatolian resistance and founded the Republic of Turkey.

Primary

Nand Singh Ghurial

Babbar Akali Movement

Lahore, India · 1900–1950

Included in the six Babbar Akali leaders executed in Lahore on 27 February 1926.

Primary

Naxalbari Uprising

West Bengal, India · 1951–1990

The 1967 peasant revolt in Naxalbari that began the Naxalite movement.

Primary

Nelson Mandela

Anti-Apartheid Struggle

Johannesburg, South Africa · 1951–1990

ANC leader imprisoned for 27 years who became South Africa’s first president elected by all races.

Secondary

Pancho Villa

Mexican Revolution

Chihuahua, Mexico · 1900–1950

Commander of the División del Norte during the Mexican Revolution.

Primary

Patrice Lumumba

Congolese Independence

Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo · 1951–1990

First prime minister of the independent Congo, killed within months during the Congo crisis.

Primary

Prem Kumar Sahgal

Indian National Army

Ludhiana, India · 1900–1950

INA officer tried with Shah Nawaz Khan and Gurbaksh Singh Dhillon at the Red Fort in 1945.

Primary

Rash Behari Bose

Indian National Army

Tokyo, Japan · 1900–1950

Revolutionary in exile in Japan who helped build the Indian Independence League and the first INA, then handed leadership to Subhas Chandra Bose.

Secondary

Rosa Luxemburg

German Revolution

Berlin, Germany · 1900–1950

Marxist who opposed both the world war and a revolution run only by a party elite.

Primary

Ruhollah Khomeini

Iranian Revolution

Tehran, Iran · 1951–1990

Exiled cleric who led the mass revolution that replaced the Shah with an Islamic republic.

Primary

S. A. Ayer

Indian National Army

Singapore, Singapore · 1900–1950

Handled publicity and information for the Provisional Government of Free India. Personal dates are not in the file.

Primary

Sarmukh Singh Jhabal

Akali Gurdwara Reform Movement

Amritsar, India · 1900–1950

Identified as the first president of the Shiromani Akali Dal, formed in December 1920.

Primary

Shah Nawaz Khan

Indian National Army

Delhi, India · 1900–1950

INA officer tried at the Red Fort in 1945 with Sahgal and Dhillon. The trial became a national political event.

Primary

Simón Bolívar

Spanish American Wars of Independence

Caracas, Venezuela · 1801–1899

The Liberator whose campaigns broke Spanish rule across northern and Andean South America.

Secondary

Spartacus

Third Servile War

Capua, Italy · Before 1770

Gladiator who led the largest slave rebellion in the Roman Republic.

Primary

Subhas Chandra Bose

Indian National Army

Kolkata, India · 1900–1950

Congress leader who raised the Indian National Army against British rule during the Second World War.

Primary

Sukarno

Indonesian National Revolution

Jakarta, Indonesia · 1900–1950

Proclaimed Indonesian independence in 1945 and became the republic’s first president.

Primary

Sukhdev Singh Babbar

Babbar Khalsa

Ludhiana, India · 1951–1990

Named as a co-founder and leader of Babbar Khalsa International, an armed separatist organisation active in the Punjab insurgency. Reported killed in 1992.

Primary

Sukhdev Singh Sukha

Khalistan Commando Force

Pune, India · 1951–1990

KCF member convicted with Jinda in the assassination of General Arun S. Vaidya. Executed by hanging on 9 October 1992, according to common reports.

Primary

Sun Yat-sen

Xinhai Revolution

Nanjing, China · 1900–1950

Organizer of the alliance that ended imperial rule in China.

Primary

Sundar Singh Ramgarhia

Akali Gurdwara Reform Movement

Amritsar, India · 1900–1950

Held the Golden Temple treasury keys as manager when the Keys Affair began.

Primary

Sunder Singh Lyallpuri

Akali Gurdwara Reform Movement

Lyallpur, India · 1900–1950

Reformist organizer and journalist. Accounts place him among leaders detained in the Keys Affair.

Primary

Swadeshi Movement

Bengal, India · 1900–1950

Boycott of British goods and promotion of Indian products after the Partition of Bengal.

Primary

Talwinder Singh Parmar

Babbar Khalsa

Vancouver, Canada · 1951–1990

Described as a Babbar Khalsa figure in Canada, later linked in investigations to the 1985 Air India Flight 182 bombing. Reported killed in India in 1992.

Primary